CONCEPT, DEFINITION AND NATURE OF TEACHING

CONCEPT OF TEACHING:

In our day to day life we have acquired certain experiences from various sources of knowledge and these kinds of sources work as the most matured part which gives us knowledge and information, this can be called as a teaching through which we can acquire knowledge and information.

Teaching is the most effective part of our life which produces some effective learners and these effective learners help to complete the whole teaching process. It is a process through which one can acquire full potentialities and achieve desired goals of one’s life. 

It is a process of attending to pupils needs, experiences and feelings and making specific involvement to learn a particular thing.

Teaching is an essential part of the education system.Education is an important process through which men preserve their culture. In this context as  a part of the formal education system, School is a special institution which has been entrusted with the responsibilities of young ones, and teaching is the main activity through which schools discharge their duties and attain their objectives. If teaching is done effectively, schools, successfully, achieve their goals. Many efforts have been made to study teaching and improve it in order to make it realise pre-determined goals. Teaching refers to the multiple tasks carried out by the teacher for leading the learners to the expected learning. It is usually associated with the imparting of 3R’s i.e.Reading, Writing and Arithmetics- representing various school subjects.

DEFINITIONS OF TEACHING

Teaching is defined by various ways by prominent educationist :

Albrt Einstein (A Swiss Physicist 1879-1950): The supreme art of teaching is to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge.

H.C Morrison (1934) : Teaching is an intimate contact between a more mature personality and less mature one which is designed to further the education of the latter.

B.O. Smith, (1960).Teaching is a system of actions intended to produce learning.

B.O. Smith, (1963).Teaching is a system of actions involving an agent, an end in view, and a situation including two sets of factors—those over which the agent has no control (class size, size of classroom, physical characteristics of pupils, etc.) and those that he can modify (way of asking questions about instruction and ways of structuring information or ideas gleaned) 

William Lyon (1970): In my mind teaching is not merely  life work, a profession, an occupation, a struggle, it is a passion. I love to teach, as a painter love to paint, as a musician love to play, as a love to sing, as a stronger rejoice to run a race.

Clark(1970): Teaching refers to activities that are designed and performed to produce change in student(pipil) behaviour.

Thomas P. Green (1971): teaching is the task of a teacher which, which is performed for the development of a child.

Paul Goodman (1980): A good teacher feels his way, looking for response

Joyce and Weil (1985) :  teaching as a process by which teachers and students create a shared environment including sets of values and beliefs which in turn colour their view of reality.

NATURE OF TEACHING

1. Teaching is Guidance: a teacher always provides guidance to the students to develop their all round capabilities. Teaching is to guide the pupils to learn the right things in the right manner and in the right time. Teaching is to guide the students in a way that time, material and  energy are not wasted.

2. Teaching is A science. Teaching  is a science in that there are strategies and practices involved in the teaching process. Here the teachers are constantly collecting data by observing their students in order to see if learning is taking place and how they are learning in the best way. Like  scientists, every teacher experiments with new techniques or strategies to see how the students progress 

3. Teaching is an art:It is an art in that teachers must bring themselves fully into their teaching. A teacher  needs to find the methods and strategies that work best for the teaching of students. Teachers always adopt a teaching situation and personal teaching styles and then apply it in the classroom for better teaching. 

4. Teaching is stimulation and encouragement: Teaching should free and enthusiasm of the child. It is to encourage the child in the development of his natural desires to work and to be active.

5. Teaching is training the emotion of a child:  Teaching is to develop the emotional life of the child by providing an atmosphere  of love, affection and freedom. Teaching is to provide such activists as will sublimate their instinctive urges to action.

6. Teaching is a means of Preparation : If a teacher is not prepared what to be taught in the class the process of teaching will not fulfill its objective. Though preparation for the future is not the only aspect of teaching, yet it is an important aspect. Teaching is to help the immature child to develop physically, intellectually, emotionally and spiritually to participate effectively in the life of the community.

7. Teaching is a skilled Occupation: Every successful teacher is expected to know the general methods of teaching and instruction in creating suitable learning situations. He/she is also expected to be familiar with the general objectives of education.

8. Teaching is formal as well as Informal: Teaching is that which provides information to us, it can be held in any situation whether  formal as well as informal . As the first agency of teaching is the family therefore parents are the first teacher of the child. On the other hand formal education is carried by the teachers in the school. In this context the teaching is deliberately planned , systematically organised and it is always purposive. 

A teacher always cultivate the skill of teaching by various means including learning, reading, training,observation and experience. Ones said that " To teach is to learn twice". This profession takes immense passion to become a great teacher. when teachers are passionate about sharing their knowledge with students and have to make difference, then the teaching profession become the mother of all profession as all the other professions are the outcome of teaching. Teaching is more than a profession. The audience i.e. the students will be of different mindsets, egos, emotions and feelings. To reach out to them is a big challenge for educators.

REFERENCE

Book : Principle, Methods & Teaching, J.C.Aggarwal, second revised edition,Vikas publication

Internet source:

• http://bvpnlcpune.org/Results%20PDF/The%20nature%20of%20Teaching.pdf

• https://www.examrace.com/NTA-UGC-NET/NTA-UGC-NET-Study-Material/Paper-I/Research-Teaching/Definition-Nature-Characteristics-and-Requirements-of-Teaching.html

• https://physicscatalyst.com/graduation/teaching-definition/#:~:text=Concept%20of%20teaching,It%20is%20watching%20systematically.

USE OF TECHNOLOGICAL TOOL IN THE PROCESS OF ASSESSMENT

USE OF TECHNOLOGICAL TOOL IN THE PROCESS OF ASSESSMENT

    As we know that this is the era of science and technology and in this era the integration of technology in classrooms becomes  necessity for effective teaching that improves and enhance the learning, In the present era of globalization and innovations, technology is playing a vital role in all aspects of our life. In shifted paradigm of Education the technology is used in an up most level. In all the levels of education the educators are continuously work for the better outcomes for their students so that the students will be able to cope up with the demand of the current world. The traditional system of education was completely teacher centric, but today it has shifted to learner centric education where students can learn with their own pace with combination to teachers guidance.

The term assessment is a process where the most matured one i.e. teacher follows certain set of components to evaluate the students outcome. These components are including plan, do, check and act, through this components a teacher can assess a child’s performance. The system of assessment is also shifted toward the technical information or communication base i.e. from tradition pen pencil to electronic base. Although the earlier system is also available now hence the ICT base methods of conduction assessment is most fruitful to cope up with new inventions.

There are various types of assessments like formative assessment, Summative assessment, diagnostic assessment, prognostic Assessments, dynamic Assessment, Synoptic Assessment, criteria references assessment etc. 

  

The present article focus on the Computer Assisted Assessment, mostly the Formative assessment conduction through the use to technological tools, like Google form, Flubaroo, TestMoz, kahoot, plickers, socrative etc.  Formative assessment always gives one answer that is- How do we check for understanding of student’s knowledge in a classroom? When a teacher using formative assessment he/she always on a fact-finding mission.  source: www.edutopia.org.  

Formative assessment helps the teacher to grade the students in an ongoing course that how much they are able to progress, who need extra care, who need more guidance etc.

Modern technology offers educators a variety of new tools that can be used in the classroom. Technology can help teachers track and assess their students' -- as well as their own -- performance in the classroom. It can also be used to facilitate communication between students and teachers and to create digital records of student growth and development that can easily be passed along from grade to grade.

GOOGLE FORM: 

Google form is the most effective assessment tool for assessing both formative and summative assessment. It is a free tool from Google that allow to create forms, surveys, quizzes and others. There are total nine types of questions format including easy type, check list type, multiple choice questions, paragraph writing, short answer type, checkboxes type, chose from a box, data type, scale type, grid type etc. the user can share the forms with others and allow others to complete the forms online. The user get benefited through collect all responses in a spreadsheet and provide helpful summaries of the collected data with charts and graphs. Source:google.com

Benefits of  Google Forms in the Classroom Environment

Google Forms can be used in several ways to increase classroom environment such as

·         Surveying students outside of class to learn about them as individuals,

·         Engaging them in class by collecting responses in the moment, and collecting their self reflections after a lesson.

·         The researchers as well as teachers create Google Forms survey to learn about their students’ interests, learning styles, and previous experiences.

·         By assigning the survey outside of class, it saves class time, decreases the amount of paper needed to be printed, and gives students more time to type their responses.

·         It is easy for an instructor to incorrectly assume that students do or do not understand the material based on the outspoken students who quickly respond to questions.

·         Instructors may move on from a topic when the majority of the class needs more help, or spend too much time on a topic when the majority of the class actually does understand but is not communicating.

·         The need for accurate in-the-moment feedback from all students can be addressed by using Google Forms as free clickers to involve all students in the learning and feedback process.

Benefits of Google Forms in  Assessment

·          Additionally, at the end of each lesson, students can use Google Forms to fill out a one-minute reflection to summarize the main point of the class and name one new thing they learned or the “muddiest point” of the lecture, which supports their engagement and the instructor’s ability to adapt the lessons to their needs.

·         Google Forms can also be used as an exit ticket or to check student attendance, especially in large lecture hall style classrooms where more than 100 students are present. source :digitalcommons

 FLUBAROO

Flubaroo is a Google Spreadsheets Add-on that helps educators quickly grade and analyze online assignments and assessments, as well as share scores with students. It is the most supportive free assessment tool for teachers in making lesson plans, conduct test, take assessment, marked the students by giving scores, give feedback, reports and many more. It can help to auto grade quizzes in less than one minute for whole class and can send e-mail to each students with details report of their marks. Flubaroo helps teachers to grade multiple-choice or fill-in-the-blank assessments quickly. Data provided includes average assignment score, average score per question, flags low-scoring questions, and grade distribution. There is a process for individualized feedback to be sent to students.

More than just a grading tool, Flubaroo also:

•       Computes average assignment score.
• .      Computes average score per question, and flags low-scoring questions.
• .      Shows a grade distribution graph.
• .      Gives the option to email each student their grade, and an answer key.
•       Send individualized feedback to each student

Benefits of Flubaroo

·         It is free and easy to use

·         It can save teacher’s time

·         Easy to grade answer key in just one click

·         Helps to make analysis and reporting quicker.

·         Get scores for each student, and identify students in need of extra help.

·         View average score, and a histogram of scores.

·         Quickly identify questions which a majority of the students missed.

·         Share scores with students via email or Google Drive, along with optional notes to the class and/or to each student.

·         Assign your own score to open-ended questions.

·         Send stickers and badges when share grades.

TESTMOZ:                

Testmoz is an excellent web tool that allows teachers, trainer or educators to create auto graded tests and quizzes. This application is designed by Matt Johnson, an undergraduate student at Washington State University, Vancouver.The strength of this application lies in its simplicity and user-friendliness. Testmoz supports 4 types of questions: True/false, multiple choice, multiple response, and fill in the blank. Each test you create has a unique URL which you can use to edit your test later on or to share with others,

Testmoz also provides detailed reports so teachers can analyze students scores and responses. Data from these reports can be easily exported and saved in CSV file. Password Protection is another excellent feature in Testmoz. It allows you to lock your test using a password so strangers can’t access it. Additionally, Testmoz does not require any registration, however registered members have access to more features than others. source educatorstechnology          

Benefits of Testmoz:

• This is simple and easy to conduct as well as understood. 

• The questions can be written in an form that the administrator student can easily sign in.

• Teacher can protect the test through using a password
  

• Testmoz is a good way to create multiple choice test because here the teacher can easily calculate the points of every students in a meantime.

KAHOOT: 

Kahoot is a free web-based program that allows teachers to pose questions to children who then respond from a selection of answers electronically on their own devices. It records the answer each child gives to a question, as well as how quickly they respond, so teachers can use the data to assess their children. There are different types of Kahoots available; quizzes, surveys, jumbles, discussions and challenges. In this blog, the first in our Kahoot series, we’ll be looking at Kahoot quizzes and how teachers could use them to support learners in mathematics.

Benefits of Kahoot

• Kahoot is flexible, it can be used in various subjects.

• It is free for teachers

• Here the player don't have to create an account

• It can be works on any device

• It is helpful for get students engage at the beginning of the class.

• Students engagement is very high in Kahoot, because it is visual, fast paced, and different from the average day to day quizzes.

Kahoot Quiz:

A Kahoot quiz is a series of questions with between two to four multiple-choice answers to choose from. Teachers can create their own quizzes, duplicate and edit others created and shared by other teachers, or simply play Kahoots created by other users.Teachers set a game to play and a game pin is created and displayed on screen. Children connect to the game by going to https://kahoot.it and entering the game pin into the first box, then their name into the second. Once all children have connected, you’re ready to start the quiz.

·      REFERENCES 

• https://resourced.prometheanworld.com/technology-learning-and-assessment/

• https://medium.com/@readalliance/edtech-a-shift-from-paper-based-to-a-more-tech-enabled-process-of-assessing-students-2d30093c134d

• https://www.reading.ac.uk/engageinassessment/why-is-assessment-important/eia-why-is-assessment-important.aspx

• https://kahootinfo.weebly.com/pros--cons.html

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324280815_Using_Technology_for_Formative_Assessment_to_Improve_Students'_Learning

• https://www.toppr.com/bytes/types-of-assessment/

• https://gsuite.google.com/marketplace/app/flubaroo/817638980086